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Cloudflare Durable Objects vs Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Discover how Cloudflare Durable Objects compares to Google Cloud Pub/Sub, and understand which is right for your use case, based on dimensions such as core features, pricing, reliability, and scalability.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

What is Cloudflare Durable Objects ?

Cloudflare Durable Objects provides an easy way to manage stateful objects with low-latency access and real-time updates. It enables developers to create collaborative, real-time applications using WebSocket connections, ensuring data persistence and consistent performance across distributed clients.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub logo

What is Google Cloud Pub/Sub?

Google Cloud Pub/Sub is a real-time messaging service. Pub/Sub is used for asynchronous messaging between different systems, and services, within your applications. It enables developers to build robust and scalable real-time applications.

Compare Cloudflare Durable Objects and Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Let’s compare Cloudflare Durable Objects and Google Cloud Pub/Sub, looking at key dimensions such as their core features, pricing, integrations, QoS, performance, and security and compliance.

Disclaimer:This comparison was created based on documentation and resources freely available online about Cloudflare Durable Objects and Google Cloud Pub/Sub. The content was last updated on 10 Oct 2024 for Cloudflare Durable Objects and on 1 Aug 2024 for Google Cloud Pub/Sub. Be sure to double-check everything before you make any decisions. If you do find anything incorrect or out of date, then please contact us.

Core features
Pub/Sub messaging

Reduces communication code complexity, simplifying the process of building highly functional and architecturally complex realtime apps.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Partial

Cloudflare Durable Objects does not have built-in pub/sub. However, Cloudflare has an MQTT-powered pub/sub service in private beta which can be integrated with Durable Objects.

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Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Chat capabilities

Accelerates the time to implement rich chat experiences with features such as read receipts, typing indicators, and more.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Partial

Cloudflare Durable Objects can implement some chat features, but some require additional Cloudflare services or custom development. File sharing would require integration with Cloudflare R2 for file storage.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Chat features such as group chat, emojis, and file sharing are not supported by Google Pub/Sub out of the box, which is intended to be used for service-to-service communication.

Collaboration capabilities

Enables you to quickly integrate realtime collaborative features like live cursors, member location, avatar stacks, and component locking.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Partial

Cloudflare Durable Objects can support collaboration capabilities, but require integration with storage services like Cloudflare Workers KV for features like avatar stacks and location data.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Google Pub/Sub recommends using other Google services like Firebase Realtime database to build applications that require functionalities like collaboration.

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State sync capabilities

Enables realtime data synchronization across devices and users, ensuring a cohesive and up-to-date user experience.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Yes

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Google Pub/Sub does not support a state sync feature out of the box, but this can be achieved in combination with a realtime database.

Presence

Maintaining a view of which users are connected, and their associated metadata, enables their online status to be updated in realtime.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Cloudflare Durable Objects does not natively support presence; it requires custom implementation.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Occupancy

High-level metrics about the clients currently connected to a channel make it simple to show things such as connected user count, or display which channels are the most popular.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Google Pub/Sub provides monitoring dashboards that can be used to monitor subscriptions. Subscriptions can also be monitored through the Cloud Monitoring API.

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Message interactions

Enables interaction with previously-sent messages, facilitating the implementation of features like message reactions and threads.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Message history

Enables clients to catch up on missed messages when inactive, ensuring a user doesn’t miss any important messages.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Pub/Sub can't retrieve acknowledged messages. You can use the Seek feature to mark them as unacknowledged and redeliver them or delete unacknowledged messages.

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Push notifications

Cross-platform push notifications make it possible to deliver important and timely messages to users even when they’re inactive.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

You can create a push subscription workflow for push notifications using Google Pub/Sub.

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Message delta compression

Minimizes bandwidth and can reduce latency, particularly in scenarios where continuous updates are sent.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Cloudflare Durable Objects supports the Brotli and gzip compression algorithms for all responses, rather than delta compression.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Programmatic management

Enables the automation of provisioning, management, and testing of service resources, simplifying integration with existing development workflows such as CI.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Yes

Programmatic management is possible through the Durable Objects REST API.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Pricing
Free plan

With a free plan, you can test the service’s functionality and compatibility with your project before committing to a paid plan.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Pricing model

The pricing model should align with your project's expected load, usage patterns, and budget in order to be cost-effective and efficient.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Cloudflare Durable Objects is only available on a pay-as-you-go plan. The plan offers 1 million requests and then $0.15/million requests. Connections to Durable Objects are billed as one request.

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Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Google Pub/Sub has usage-based pricing, based the number of published, delivered, and stored bytes.

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Integrations & interoperability
SDKs

Supporting multiple languages and platforms offers greater flexibility when building cross-platform realtime apps.

Cloudflare Durable Objects
  • JavaScript
  • TypeScript
Google Cloud Pub/Sub
  • C++
  • C#
  • Go
  • Java
  • Node.js
  • PHP
  • Python
  • Ruby
Supported realtime protocols

Support for multiple protocols provides the flexibility to choose a protocol that best suits your project’s requirements.

Cloudflare Durable Objects
  • WebSockets
Google Cloud Pub/Sub

None.

Google Pub/Sub does not natively support any real-time protocols. However, you can implement WebSockets using other Google services like Google's Compute Engine.

Serverless functions

Enables integration with third-party cloud providers by facilitating the execution of custom code against messages to perform business logic like on-the-fly translation.

Cloudflare Durable Objects
  • Cloudflare Workers
Google Cloud Pub/Sub
  • Google Cloud Functions
Streaming & queueing

Provides a dependable method to reroute messages from the service to third-party streams and queues for further processing.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Cloudflare Durable Objects itself doesn't directly support specific message brokers or streaming platforms. Instead, it provides a runtime environment where you can implement your own logic.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Observability services

Enables realtime monitoring and troubleshooting by offering insights into service behavior directly in your observability platform of choice.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Partial

For observability, Cloudflare Durable Objects can be integrated with Baselime, or can be retrieved with Cloudflare's GraphQL Analytics API.

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Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

The Google Monitoring, Alerting and Logging integration provides observability services.

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CI/CD tools

Makes it possible to provision and configure service infrastructure as part of a CI or CD pipeline, enabling repeatable and reliable deployments.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Yes

Supports:

  • GitHub Actions
  • GitLab Pipelines
Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Supports:

  • Jenkins
  • Google Cloud Build
Quality of Service
Scalability

Scalability is vital as it ensures the service can handle increased data load or users without compromising performance.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Durable Objects scale horizontally across many objects as needed. Each single object can handle up to 1,000 requests per second.

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Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Google Pub/Sub is built to be scalable and reliable. Google uses the service for their products to send billions of messages per day. You can read more about their architecture and limitations in their documentation.

Guaranteed message delivery

Ensures messages are never lost during transmission, even in the presence of network disruptions.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Partial

Cloudflare Durable Objects requires integration with Cloudflare Queues to achieve guaranteed message delivery.

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Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Guaranteed message ordering

Maintains the sequence of messages as they were sent. This is particularly important in apps where the chronological order of messages is essential for meaningful communication.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Partial

Cloudflare Durable Objects requires integration with Cloudflare Queues to achieve guaranteed message ordering.

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Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Google Pub/Sub supports message ordering, but cannot always guarantee it even when this is enabled - for example, when dead-letter topics are enabled on subscriptions.

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Exactly-once message delivery

Guarantees that each message is processed exactly once, preventing data inconsistencies that can arise from duplicate processing or missing messages.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Partial

Cloudflare Durable Objects requires integration with Cloudflare Queues to achieve exactly-once message delivery.

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Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Google Pub/Sub supports exactly-once delivery based on a Pub/Sub-defined unique message ID.

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Performance & availability
Uptime Guarantee

An uptime guarantee instills confidence in the reliability of the service and protects your business from the negative impacts of downtime.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Cloudflare offers Business customers a 100% uptime SLA with service credits for any failures, while Enterprise customers have separate agreements.

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Google Cloud Pub/Sub

99.95%

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Global edge network

By bringing servers (Points of Presence, or PoP) geographically closer to the devices of end users, and routing requests to the nearest PoP, global latency is reduced to a minimum.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Multi-region data replication (message durability)

By replicating data across multiple regions, the risk of data loss or downtime is greatly mitigated since if data is lost or a server fails in one region, the information can be retrieved from another.

Cloudflare Durable Objects
Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Google Pub/Sub supports synchronous data replication across three zones.

No single point of failure or congestion

Having no single point of failure means a system is resilient and can continue to operate even if one part fails. Avoiding a single point of congestion ensures messages flow efficiently across the system and avoids bottlenecks that could lead to performance issues under load.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Yes

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Latency

Low latency is crucial for realtime apps as it ensures swift and efficient data transmissions, providing a smoother and more responsive user experience.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Unknown.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

100ms round trip

Security & compliance
API key authentication

Simplifies the authentication code on trusted servers compared to requesting, managing, and refreshing tokens.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Yes

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

No

Google Pub/Sub only supports gcloud CLI credential and Application Default Credentials (ADC).

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Token-based authentication

Provides a means to securely authenticate user devices against your user management system.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Single Sign-On (SSO) authentication

SSO streamlines login processes, boosts security by minimizing password use, and meets compliance needs for secure data access management.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

SSO authentication in Pub/Sub is supported through Google Cloud IAM, OAuth 2.0, and Workforce Identity Federation, allowing integration with external identity providers like Azure AD or Okta.

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Rules for permissions and operations

Provides control over which users can subscribe and publish to certain channels.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

No

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Rules for permissions and operation can be configured using Identity and Access Management (IAM).

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End-to-end encryption

Ensures that the data transmitted between the client and the API server remains confidential and secure while in transit.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Yes

Data in transit is encrypted via TLS/SSL.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Encryption at rest

Ensures data stored by the service is secure and compliant, while also mitigating the risks of a data breach.

Cloudflare Durable Objects

Yes

Cloudflare encrypts all users' data at rest using the AES-256 standard.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Yes

Compliance

Compliance with regulations can impact your ability to meet legal obligations in your industry.

Cloudflare Durable Objects
  • ISO 27001
  • ISO 27701
  • ISO 27018
  • SOC 2 Type II
  • PCI DSS 3.2.1
  • FedRAMP Moderate
  • WCAG 2.1 AA and Section 508
  • EU Cloud Code of Conduct
  • C5:2020
  • BSI Qualification
Google Cloud Pub/Sub
  • HIPAA

Alternatives to Cloudflare Durable Objects and Google Cloud Pub/Sub

While both Cloudflare Durable Objects and Google Cloud Pub/Sub are worth considering as options for realtime experiences, they aren’t without their limitations. We suggest evaluating them against the following alternatives to make sure you find the right solution for your needs.

Alternatives to Cloudflare Durable Objects

Amazon-api-gateway logo

Amazon API Gateway is a service for building, deploying, and managing APIs.

Aws-appsync logo

AWS AppSync enables developers to seamlessly handle and synchronize mobile app data in real-time across multiple devices and users.

Socketio logo

Socket.IO is a library that provides realtime, bi-directional communication between clients and servers. It allows the management of connections, sending and receiving messages, and more.

See more alternatives to Cloudflare Durable Objects

Alternatives to Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Amazon-sqs logo

AWS SQS is a message queuing solution for decoupling apps, services & architectures.

tech provider image

Apache Kafka is an open-source realtime data streaming platform.

Azure-service-bus logo

Azure Service Bus is a fully managed message service with message queues and Pub/Sub topics.

See more alternatives to Google Cloud Pub/Sub

Discover how Cloudflare Durable Objects and Google Cloud Pub/Sub stack up against Ably

Ably is the definitive realtime experience platform of the internet. See how we compare to Cloudflare Durable Objects and Google Cloud Pub/Sub on key dimensions such as core features, pricing, integrations, QoS, performance, and security and compliance.

Try Ably for free to discover the benefits for yourself

Ably has built reliable realtime infrastructure so you don’t have to. On our free plan you benefit from:

  • 6M monthly messages
  • 200 concurrent channels
  • 200 concurrent connections